The effect of different feeding system on fatty acids composition of cowʼs milk

Article Details: Received: 2020-01-16 | Accepted: 2020-01-22 | Available online: 2020-03-31https://doi.org/10.15414/afz.2020.23.01.37-41The aim of the experiment was study the effect of different feeding system on fatty acids (FA) profile of cow’s milk. The tank’s samples from two farms were collected. On these farms breed: the Slovak Spotted cattle was reared. Feeding system was realized on the base pasture + supplementary feeding without silage – grazing feeding system (farm A) and silage feeding system (farm B). The FA profile in the milk samples with the apparatus (Agilent 6890A GC, Agilent technologies, USA) were analysed. Feeding system affects FA profile of cow’s milk. Significantly higher proportion of FA in milk samples: C4:0, C17:0, C18:1 cis-n9, C18:2 cis-n9, C18:3-n3 and C20:0 in milk from grazing feeding system (farm A) was detected. The samples of milk only from this feeding system contained C20:5 n3. Significantly higher content of 18:2 cis n6 and presence of C13:0, C20:3 n6 and C20:4 n6 only in milk samples from silage feeding system were determined. Significantly lower proportion of saturated FA was typical for milk from farm A and significantly higher proportion of polyunsaturated FA was characteristic for the samples from farm B. The influence of the feeding system on the monounsaturated FA content was not confirmed. In milk samples from both feeding systems very different n6/n3 FA ratio was detected, with lower value for milk from grazing feeding system (1.36 vs. 9.12).Keywords: dairy cattle, milk, fatty acids, feeding systemReferencesAlothman , M. et al. (2019). The “grass-fed” milk story: understanding the impact of pasture feeding on the composition and quality of bovine milk. Foods, 8(8), 350.Bagnicka , E. et al. (2010). Expression and polymorphism of defensins in farm animals. Acta Biochimica Polonica, 57(4), 487–497.Barca , J. et al. (2018). 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The impact of genetic and nongenetic factors on somatic cell count as a monitor of udder health in Slovak Simmental dairy cows. Acta fytotechnica et zootechnica, 21(4), 166–168. https://doi.org/10.15414/afz.2018.21.04.166-168D’urso, S. et al. (2008). Influence of pasture on fatty acid profile of goat milk. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, 92(3), 405–410.Elgersma , A. (2015). Grazing increases the unsaturated fatty acid concentration of milk from grass‐fed cows: A review of the contributing factors, challenges and future perspectives.European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology, 117(9), 1345–1369.Filipejová, T. et al. (2010). Evaluation of selected biochemical milk parameters of dairy cows and their correlations. Potravinárstvo, 4, 12–15.Gálik, B. et al. (2011). Biotechnology and animal food quality. Nitra: Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra.Guler, G. O. et al. (2010). 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The influence of addition of Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus brevis on the fermentation quality of silages from permanent grassland

Cieľom experimentu bolo zistiť vplyv prídavku Lactobacillus plantarum a Lactobacillus brevis na kvalitu fermentačného procesu siláží z trvalých trávnych porastov po 12 mesiacoch uskladnenia v silážnych vakoch. Vo fytomase trvalého trávneho porastu predstavoval podiel tráv 86% (s prevahou Arrhenatherum elatius), bylín 13% a ďatelinovín (1%). Experiment pozostával z dvoch variantov: variant C (kontrola - bez aditíva) a variant A s prídavkom biologického aditíva. V pokusnom variante A sa aplikoval biologický prípravok (Lactobacillus plantarum a Lactobacillus brevis 2*105 KTJ (kolónií tvoriacich jednotky)*g-1) na uvädnutú trávnu hmotu v dávke 1 liter na tonu. Silážovaná hmota sa pomocou lisu uskladnila do silážnych vakov s priemerom 2,7 m (jeden vak s hmotou bez aditíva - variant C a druhý vak s prídavkom aditíva -variant A). Po 12 mesiacoch uskladnenia sa odobrali priemerné vzorky siláží pre stanovenie parametrov fermentačného procesu. Aplikácia mikrobiálneho aditíva na báze homo a heterofermentatívnych baktérií mliečneho kvasenia (Lactobacillus plantarum a Lactobacillus brevis) ovplyvnila kvalitu siláží z trvalých trávnych porastov po 12 mesiacoch uskladnenia štatisticky preukazne nižším obsahom kyseliny octovej, maslovej, alkoholov, stupňom proteolýzy a nižšou hodnotou pH. Výsledky potvrdili, že prídavok Lactobacillus plantarum a Lactobacillus brevis pozitívne ovplyvnil kvalitu fermentačného procesu siláží z trvalých trávnych porastov.The aim of the experiment was to determine the influence of the addition of Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus brevis on the quality of the fermentation process of silage from the permanent grassland after 12 months of storage in silage bags. In the phytomas of the permanent grassland the proportion of grass was 86% (with the prevalence of Arrhenatherum elatius), herbs 13% and leguminous 1%. The experiment consisted of two variants: variant C (control-without additive) and variant A with the addition of additive. In experimental variant A, biological additive consisting of Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus brevis 2*105 CFU (colony forming units)*g-1 was applied on wilted grass matter at a rate of 1 liter per ton. The silage matter was stored with a press in silo bags with a diameter of 2.7 m (first bag without additive - variant C and second bag with additive - variant A). After 12 months of storage, average samples of silages were taken to determine the parameters of fermentation process. Application of biological additive based on homofermentative and heterofermentative lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus brevis) influenced the quality of the silages from permanent grassland after 12 months of storage with statistically lower acetic and butyric acid content, alcohols, degree of proteolysis and lower pH value. The results confirmed, that the addition Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus brevis had positive influence on the quality of the fermentation process of silage from the permanent grassland

Fatty acid composition of maize silages from different hybrids

Received: 2016-12-13 | Accepted: 2016-12-18 | Available online: 2017-12-31http://dx.doi.org/10.15414/afz.2017.20.04.95-98The aim of this research was to determine the fatty acid content in maize silages of different hybrids.  Grain hybrid with FAO number 420 and silage hybrid with stay-green maturation with FAO number 450 were evaluated. Maize hybrids were grown under the same agro-ecological conditions, and harvested on growing degree days 1277 (FAO 420) and 1297 (FAO 450).  Whole-plant maize was chopped to 10 mm by harvester with kernel processor and immediately ensiled in plastic barrels (volume 50 dm3). Maize matter was ensiled without silage additives. For fatty acids analyses samples of maize silages were taken after 8 week of ensiling. Content of fatty acids was quantified by gas chromatography. Examined maize of both hybrids had the highest linoleic acid content, followed by oleic acid and third highest content of palmitic acid. The results confirmed differences in fatty acid content in maize silages of different hybrids. In silages of grain hybrid was detected significantly higher content of palmitic acid and cis-11-eicosenoic acid and significantly lower content of oleic acid in compared with silage of silage hybrid. This ultimately resulted in a higher polyunsaturated fatty acids content (P < 0.05) in maize silage from grain hybrid and lower monounsaturated fatty acids content (P < 0.05) in maize silage from stay green hybrid. Keywords: fatty acid, maize, hybrid, silageReferences Alezones, J. et al. (2010) Caracterización del perfil de ácidos grasos en granos de híbridosde maíz blanco cultivados en Venezuela. Archivos Latinoamericanos de Nutricion, vol. 60, no. 4, pp. 397–404.Alves, S.P. et al. (2011) Effect of ensiling and silage additives on fatty acid composition of ryegrass and corn experimental silages. 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(2014) Effect of corn silage and quantitative feed restriction on growth performance, body measurements, and carcass tissue composition in White Kołuda W31 geese. Poultry Science,   vol. 93, no. 8, pp.1993–1999. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.3382/ps.2013-03833Loučka, R. and Tyrolová, Y. (2013) Good practice for maize silaging. Praha: Institute of Animal Science.Mir, P.S. (2004) Fats in Corn Silage. Advanced Silage Corn Management 2004. [Online] Available from: http://www.farmwest.com/chapter-8-quality-of-corn-silage [Accessed: 2017- 10-30].Mojica-Rodríguez, J.E. et al. (2017) Effect of stage of maturity on fatty acid profile in tropical grasses. Corpoica Ciencia Tecnología Agropecuaria, vol. 18, no.2, pp. 217–232. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.21930/rcta.vol18_num2_art:623Nazir, N.A. et al. (2011) Changes in fatty acid content and composition in silage maize during grain filling. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, vol. 91, no. 6, pp.1041–1049. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.4279Oliveira, M.A. et al. (2012) Fatty acids profile of milk from cows fed different maize silage levels and extruded soybeans. Revista Brasileira de Saúde e Produção Animal, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 192–203. doi:  http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1519-99402012000100017SAS Institute (2008) Statistical Analysis System Institute, Version 9.2. SAS Institute, Cary, NC, USA.Van Ranst, G. et al. (2009) Influence of herbage species, cultivar and cutting date on fatty acid composition of herbage and lipid metabolism during ensiling. Grass and Forage Science, vol. 64, no. 2, pp. 196–207. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.2009.00686.xZeman, L. et al. (2006) Nutrition and feeding of livestock. Praha: Profi Press. 360 p. (in Czech)

The influence of addition of Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus brevis on the fermentation quality of silages from permanent grassland

Cieľom experimentu bolo zistiť vplyv prídavku Lactobacillus plantarum a Lactobacillus brevis na kvalitu fermentačného procesu siláží z trvalých trávnych porastov po 12 mesiacoch uskladnenia v silážnych vakoch. Vo fytomase trvalého trávneho porastu predstavoval podiel tráv 86% (s prevahou Arrhenatherum elatius), bylín 13% a ďatelinovín (1%). Experiment pozostával z dvoch variantov: variant C (kontrola - bez aditíva) a variant A s prídavkom biologického aditíva. V pokusnom variante A sa aplikoval biologický prípravok (Lactobacillus plantarum a Lactobacillus brevis 2*105 KTJ (kolónií tvoriacich jednotky)*g-1) na uvädnutú trávnu hmotu v dávke 1 liter na tonu. Silážovaná hmota sa pomocou lisu uskladnila do silážnych vakov s priemerom 2,7 m (jeden vak s hmotou bez aditíva - variant C a druhý vak s prídavkom aditíva -variant A). Po 12 mesiacoch uskladnenia sa odobrali priemerné vzorky siláží pre stanovenie parametrov fermentačného procesu. Aplikácia mikrobiálneho aditíva na báze homo a heterofermentatívnych baktérií mliečneho kvasenia (Lactobacillus plantarum a Lactobacillus brevis) ovplyvnila kvalitu siláží z trvalých trávnych porastov po 12 mesiacoch uskladnenia štatisticky preukazne nižším obsahom kyseliny octovej, maslovej, alkoholov, stupňom proteolýzy a nižšou hodnotou pH. Výsledky potvrdili, že prídavok Lactobacillus plantarum a Lactobacillus brevis pozitívne ovplyvnil kvalitu fermentačného procesu siláží z trvalých trávnych porastov.The aim of the experiment was to determine the influence of the addition of Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus brevis on the quality of the fermentation process of silage from the permanent grassland after 12 months of storage in silage bags. In the phytomas of the permanent grassland the proportion of grass was 86% (with the prevalence of Arrhenatherum elatius), herbs 13% and leguminous 1%. The experiment consisted of two variants: variant C (control-without additive) and variant A with the addition of additive. In experimental variant A, biological additive consisting of Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus brevis 2*105 CFU (colony forming units)*g-1 was applied on wilted grass matter at a rate of 1 liter per ton. The silage matter was stored with a press in silo bags with a diameter of 2.7 m (first bag without additive - variant C and second bag with additive - variant A). After 12 months of storage, average samples of silages were taken to determine the parameters of fermentation process. Application of biological additive based on homofermentative and heterofermentative lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus brevis) influenced the quality of the silages from permanent grassland after 12 months of storage with statistically lower acetic and butyric acid content, alcohols, degree of proteolysis and lower pH value. The results confirmed, that the addition Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus brevis had positive influence on the quality of the fermentation process of silage from the permanent grassland